Reading Comprehension, Using the Novel Holes, Louis Sachar

1998 novel by Louis Sachar

Holes

Author	Louis Sachar
Linguistic communication	English
Genre	Adventure
Publisher	Farrar, Straus and Giroux (The states) Bloomsbury Publishing (UK) Ediciones SM (Spain)
Publication date	Baronial 20, 1998
ISBN	978-0-786-22186-8
OCLC	3800257333232
Dewey Decimal	[Fic] 21
LC Form	PZ7.S1185 Ho 1998

Holes is a 1998 immature adult novel written by Louis Sachar and first published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The book centers on Stanley Yelnats, who is sent to Army camp Green Lake, a correctional boot military camp in a desert in Texas, after beingness falsely accused of theft. The plot explores the history of the area and how the actions of several characters in the by have affected Stanley'due south life in the nowadays. These interconnecting stories touch on themes such equally racism, homelessness, illiteracy, and arranged marriage.

The book was both a disquisitional and commercial success. Much of the praise for the book has centered around its circuitous plot, interesting characters, and representation of people of color and incarcerated youth. It won the 1998 U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature and the 1999 Newbery Medal for the yr's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children". In 2012 it was ranked number six amongst all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal.

Holes was adapted by Walt Disney Pictures every bit a feature film of the same name released in 2003. The picture received generally positive reviews from critics, grossing $71 million, and was released in conjunction with the book companion Stanley Yelnats's Survival Guide to Camp Green Lake. A sequel to Holes entitled Small Steps was published in 2006 and centers on one of the secondary characters in the novel, Armpit.

Plot [edit]

Stanley Yelnats IV is from an allegedly cursed, low-income family unit, for which they blame Stanley's "no-good-dirty-rotten-pig-stealing smashing-bully-grandfather".^[1] Stanley's latest stroke of misfortune occurs when he is wrongfully convicted of stealing a pair of able-bodied shoes that belonged to a famous baseball game thespian. He is sent to Campsite Dark-green Lake, a juvenile corrections facility which is located in the center of a stale-upwards desert lake. The "campers" are assigned to dig one cylindrical pigsty each day, which the Warden claims "builds their character". The novel alternates this story with two set in the past, with interrelated but singled-out plot lines.

Elya Yelnats [edit]

Stanley's Latvian great-bang-up-grandad, Elya Yelnats, is in beloved with Myra, the most beautiful girl in the hamlet. However, he faces competition from the local sus scrofa farmer Igor Barkov, who is offering Myra's father Morris his fattest pig in exchange for her manus in wedlock. Elya goes to his friend Madame Zeroni, an old Egyptian fortune teller with a missing foot, for help. Despite not blessing of Myra equally a partner for Elya due to her lack of intelligence, Zeroni takes pity on Elya and gives him a tiny piglet, instructing him to carry it up a mount every day and let it beverage from a stream while singing a special song to it. Each fourth dimension, the squealer volition grow bigger; if he does this every solar day, including the twenty-four hours Myra is to be married, his pig volition be fatter than any of Igor's. Zeroni says that in return, Elya must then deport her upward the mountain and sing to her. She warns him that if he does not practise this, his family will exist cursed.

Elya follows her directions every 24-hour interval except for the last; equally a event, his grunter and Igor'due south weigh exactly the same. However, after realizing Madame Zeroni was right nigh Myra's lack of intelligence when she's unable to choose betwixt him or Igor, Elya leaves in disgust and decides to motion to America, just forgets his promise to Zeroni. Though he falls in love with and marries the kind and intelligent Sarah Miller, he becomes aggress by bad luck. Elya tells Sarah near the curse and tells her to leave him. Sarah refuses to leave Elya and the song that he sang to the sus scrofa becomes a lullaby that is passed downwards among his descendants, hoping that it will one 24-hour interval interruption the curse.

Kissin' Kate Barlow [edit]

In the year 1888, the town of Green Lake is a flourishing lakeside community. Katherine Barlow, the white local schoolteacher, falls in love with Sam, an African-American onion farmer, while rejecting advances from the wealthy Charles "Trout" Walker (nicknamed Trout because his feet smelled similar dead fish.). Katherine and Sam are seen kissing by Trout Walker, so he forms a mob and they burn down the school Katherine is working at. All the same, the town sheriff refuses to help Katherine, as Trout Walker reported that they kissed, and that it's against the law. Katherine finds Sam and they attempt to escape across the lake in Sam's rowboat, but Walker and the mob intercept them with Walker'due south motorboat. Sam is shot dead, while Katherine is "rescued" against her wishes. From then on, rain stops falling upon Green Lake.

Three days later, Katherine shoots the boondocks sheriff as revenge for his refusal to help. She then becomes a notorious outlaw chosen "Kissin' Kate Barlow", nicknamed and so for her calling card of leaving a red lipstick kiss on the cheeks of the men she kills. For the next twenty years, she robs multiple banks across the state of Texas. Among her victims is Stanley's dandy-gramps, who she leaves stranded in the desert; he survives later on finding refuge on "God's pollex". She returns to the ruins of Green Lake and is institute by a at present-destitute Trout Walker and his wife Linda, i of Katherine's former students who married Trout for his money. They try to forcefulness her to reveal where she buried the money she'd stolen from numerous banks, only she refuses, telling them they and their descendants tin can spend the rest of their lives digging in the desert and never find her boodle. Merely then, a yellow-spotted lizard sneaks up and bites Katherine. She uses its venom as an advantage and thinks that no one will be able to threaten her with murder. Before she dies, Katherine tells them to start digging, for it will take a lifetime or more for them to e'er observe her bounty.

Campsite Green Lake [edit]

The Warden allows the campers the rest of their day off if they observe anything "interesting". Stanley begins to suspect the Warden is looking for something. During 1 dig, he finds one of Barlow's lipstick tubes. He gives it to 10-Ray, the ringleader of his group, who pretends to find it the side by side day in a different location. The Warden is excited by the discovery and orders them to enlarge X-Ray'due south pigsty. Stanley later befriends Goose egg, a camper who quietly keeps to himself, and teaches Zero to read in return for Zero digging office of Stanley's holes. This leads to an argument with the other campers, and then the staff. Zip then flees. The camp staff decide to erase their records of Zero, whose full name is Hector Zeroni, and let him die in the desert.

A few days afterwards, Stanley escapes the campsite to look for Hector and finds him taking refuge under the remains of Sam's gunkhole, subsisting on preserved jars of Kate Barlow's spiced peaches, which he calls "Sploosh". Hector refuses to become back to the camp. Stanley then notices a mountain in the distance that resembles a thumbs up sign, and recalls his great-grandfather claimed to find "refuge on God's thumb" afterwards beingness stranded in the desert past Kate Barlow. They journey beyond the desert and up the mountain, where they find a field of onions that was one time Sam'southward. The boys consume the onions and find water past digging in the basis, and Stanley sings Madame Zeroni's song to Hector, breaking the family expletive. Hector then reveals that he was the 1 who stole Clyde Livingston'southward shoes. Wondering if their meeting was destiny, Stanley asks Hector if he wants to aid him dig one final hole.

They return to camp and dig in the hole where Stanley get-go constitute the lipstick tube, unearthing a suitcase and venomous lizards. The Warden and the staff appear and demand they manus information technology over, but retreat because of the lizards, which are passive to Stanley and Hector due to the onions they consumed. The Warden is revealed to be Trout Walker'due south granddaughter and she's been using the camp and the campers to notice Kate Barlow's stolen treasure. Stanley'due south attorney appears at the camp, explaining that Stanley has been exonerated. Hector reveals the suitcase belongs to the Yelnats family, stopping the Warden from taking it. Fearing that the Warden will impale Hector if they leave him backside, Stanley refuses to leave unless Hector can come forth. The attorney asks for Hector's file, but the military camp staff are naturally unable to discover it, so Hector is also released. Stanley and Hector then say cheerio to the other campers, and as they drive away, the drought in Green Lake comes to an end.

The suitcase contains financial documents that are worth close to 2 meg dollars, which is divide evenly between Stanley and Hector. Stanley's family buys a new house and Hector hires a team of investigators to find his missing female parent. Stanley's male parent also makes farther money past inventing an antidote to foot aroma, made from peaches and onions, and named "Sploosh", which is endorsed by Clyde Livingston. Meanwhile, Military camp Dark-green Lake is airtight and sold to become a newly remodeled Girl Scouts' army camp, and the volume ends with Hector's mom singing the second verse of the "If Only" song, reunited with Hector.

Characters [edit]

Army camp Greenish Lake [edit]

Stanley Yelnats IV (also known every bit "Caveman" by the rest of the campers, but referred to in the book by his name): Stanley is a xiv-year-former boy who does non have whatsoever friends from schoolhouse and is often picked on by his classmates and the schoolhouse bully. Stanley's family is cursed with bad luck, and although they do non have much money, they always try to remain hopeful and look on the bright side of things. Stanley shares these traits with his family and, although he does non have a lot of cocky-confidence, he is not hands depressed, a characteristic that helps him adjust to the horrendous conditions of Camp Green Lake. Even so, he has a bad habit of blaming his great bully grandfather when he gets in trouble. This habit made him impudent.^[2] Equally the book progresses, Stanley slowly gains strength. He identifies the people who threaten him, similar the Warden, and while he tries not to get in problem he besides stands upwardly for himself and his friends and family unit. Stanley rebels for the rights of his friends when he steals Mr. Sir's truck to look for his friend Zero in the dry lake bed.^[iii]
Zero (Hector Zeroni): Zero is known to exist the best digger at Camp Green Lake. And so often, he is considered to be "stupid" or a mere nothing by the other boys and the counselors alike. He lacks an pedagogy, significant he cannot really read or write. However, he is smart and manages to stand for himself in the face up of arduousness, breaking Mr. Pendanski's nose with a shovel afterwards 1 too many snide remarks. Typically he is noted equally the character that inappreciably speaks due to the fact that he is wary of those who mock him. He is said to always accept a scowl on his face up and does not similar to answer questions. Zero is shown to be an honest character after becoming shut friends with Stanley. Zero is the one who stole the shoes that Stanley was arrested for and accused of stealing. He is the great-bully-corking-grandson of Madame Zeroni, the adult female who put a expletive on Stanley's family. He has been homeless for most of his life, likewise equally beingness abandoned past his mother at a very young age. Although he suffers quite a bit, he always seems to persevere and come out on top.
X-Ray (Rex Washburn): X-Ray is the unofficial head of the boys in Group D. 10-Ray decides that Stanley will be chosen Caveman and fixes the order of the line for water. X-Ray maintains his position as the leader of the boys fifty-fifty though he is 1 of the smallest and can barely run into without his glasses. He convinces Stanley to give him the lipstick tube that Stanley finds in his hole and then that he tin can have the mean solar day off instead of Stanley. Ten-Ray is able to maintain his position at the head of the group through a system of rewards and allies. Every time that Stanley does something nice for X-Ray, X-Ray is overnice to Stanley and stands up for him when the other boys pick on him. When Stanley becomes friends with Zero, however, X-Ray'due south system is threatened and he becomes hostile towards Stanley. His nickname Ten-ray comes from it being sus scrofa Latin of his actual name, King.
Squid (Alan): Squid is a fellow member of Grouping D at Camp Green Lake. He is ofttimes the i for taunting Stanley for sending and receiving messages to his mother. Just like 10-Ray, Squid is very tough but very subservient to X-Ray'southward rules and directions. Still, he does take a sensitive side to him, as Stanley wakes to hear him crying ane night, and Alan asks Stanley to write to his (Alan'south) mother when Stanley leaves Camp Dark-green Lake.
Magnet (José): Another member of Grouping D. Magnet earned his nickname because of his power to steal, he got into Camp Green Lake for stealing animals from the zoo and refers to his fingers as "little magnets".
Armpit (Theodore Johnson): One of X-Ray's close friends at campsite, he pushes Stanley when Stanley calls him Theodore. His nickname Armpit is due to him being stung past a scorpion at campsite and the venom traveling up into his armpit, causing him to mutter near his armpit pain.
ZigZag (Ricky): Zigzag is described every bit existence the tallest kid of Group D, constantly looking similar he has been electrocuted, with frizzy hair. Stanley often thinks he is the weirdest and craziest kid at Army camp Light-green Lake. Zigzag is the one who hit Stanley on the head with a shovel, only afterward did apologize. Zigzag suffers from paranoia, highlighting his displayed "craziness".
Twitch (Brian): A machine thief who arrives at army camp later on Stanley. He got his nickname for his abiding twitching.
The Warden (Ms. Walker): Running Camp Green Lake, she is known to be violent, calumniating, and quite rude. She uses her power and privilege to get what she wants and make members of the camp exercise as she pleases. She has hidden cameras, using them to spy on the members of the camp. She is often idea to take hidden cameras in the showers, causing Stanley to be paranoid whenever he takes a shower, rushing out equally fast as possible. She wears boom polish traced with rattlesnake venom, and scratches those who displease or go confronting what she says. She has the members of Camp Green Lake digging holes to await for Kate Barlow'due south subconscious treasure. She is the granddaughter of Charles "Trout" Walker. Her family had been earthworks the treasure out since her birth, merely to no success.
Mr. Sir (Marion Sevillo): One of the counselors at Camp Greenish Lake, he is constantly eating sunflower seeds. He took up this habit subsequently deciding to quit smoking. He is known to be rude and tough.
Mr. Pendanski: In Group D at Camp Dark-green Lake Mr. Pendanski is in accuse. Mr. Pendanski may seem friendly at start glance, simply he is just every bit hateful equally the Warden and Mr. Sir. He never stops making fun of Zero ever since he has been at the camp, which comes back to seize with teeth him when the boy cracks him in the confront with a shovel.

Town of Greenish Lake [edit]

Katherine Barlow (Kissin' Kate Barlow): Katherine Barlow is a sweet and intelligent woman who teaches in a one-room school business firm on Dark-green Lake one hundred and ten years before Stanley arrives at Camp Green Lake. She falls in love with Sam, a man who sells onions in the boondocks. Although the rest of the white people in the town are racist and enforce rules that prohibit black people from going to school, Kate, who is white, does not care virtually the color of a person'southward skin and she loves Sam for the person that he is. When Kate and Sam buss, the angry townsfolk kill Sam and destroy her beloved schoolhouse. Kate is devastated by Sam's death and becomes Kissin' Kate Barlow, one of the most feared outlaws in the West. She always leaves her mark by kissing someone when she finishes killing them; if she had but robbed them, she would leave them in the hot desert. She is the outlaw responsible for robbing Stanley Yelnats I (Stanley'southward antecedent). Kate dies when she picks up a yellowish-spotted lizard and it bites her wrist, but dies laughing because the Walker family unit will never find her treasure. The lipstick tube that Stanley finds during his second week at Camp Green Lake was endemic by Kate Barlow.
Sam: Sam is an African-American farmer in the town Light-green Lake, Texas who grows onions. He believes onions are the cure to everything and makes many remedies from onions. He also has an immense honey for his donkey, Mary Lou. His human relationship with Kate begins when he exchanges his onions for some jars of peaches. He is murdered in cold blood past Charles "Trout" Walker. His death sets a expletive upon the lake, causing the rain to stop coming and the lake to dry upwards.
Charles "Trout" Walker: Charles "Trout" Walker is an extremely spoiled son of a rich family in Green Lake. He gets upset when Kate denies his asking to date her. This adds on to the reason of causing him to pb the townspeople to fire downward the schoolhouse and impale Sam. His nickname Trout comes from his foot mucus that causes his feet to odour like expressionless fish. After Kate leaves to become an outlaw, he marries Linda Miller simply his family loses everything later the lake dries up. He is The Warden's granddaddy, who upon his death, opens up the juvenile detention military camp to increase the efficiency of finding Kate Barlow's hidden treasure.
Stanley Yelnats I: Stanley Yelnats I is the son of Elya Yelnats equally well as the great-grandfather of Stanley Yelnats Four. He was the ane whose treasure was stolen by Kate Barlow while he was moving from New York to California. He is known to have survived by climbing to the tiptop of a thumb-shaped mountain (God'due south Thumb) which happens to exist Sam's old onion field.

Mid-1800s Latvia [edit]

Elya Yelnats: Elya is the dandy-smashing-grandfather of Stanley. He is often referred to as his "No-good-muddied-rotten-sus scrofa-stealing-great-great-grandfather", constantly being blamed for everything that goes wrong in Stanley's life. He is considered to be the reason why the Yelnats family has such bad luck. After he fell in beloved with the woman in Latvia, he travels to America, forgetting to go through with the hope he made to an old woman named Madame Zeroni. This causes generations of bad luck to trickle down the Yelnats family tree. However, he does pass down an important song that Madame Zeroni taught him in Latvia.
Madame Zeroni: Madame Zeroni is the not bad-great-corking-grandmother of Hector Zeroni (Zero). She is peachy friends with Elya Yelnats, and she gives him a pig. Considering Elya breaks his promise of carrying her to the top of the mountain, she is considered to be the 1 who put a "expletive" on the Yelnats family.
Myra Menke: Myra is the about beautiful girl in the Latvian village of Elya and Madame Zeroni. Madame Zeroni compares her to a flowerpot. Myra's father promised to honour her hand in marriage to whichever suitor can raise the fattest pig. When the pigs were the aforementioned size, Myra asked Elya and Igor Barkov to guess a number between 1 and ten, showing her disability to make her own decisions.
Igor Barkov: Igor was Elya's competitor for the mitt of Myra Menke. He was already former and fat, just was a successful sus scrofa farmer.

Pocket-size characters [edit]

Mr. Yelnats (Stanley Yelnats 3): Mr. Yelnats is Stanley's father. He is an inventor and quite smart, but extremely unlucky. He attempts to discover a way to recycle onetime sneakers and because of this, the Yelnats' flat smells bad. However, he eventually discovers a cure to ridding human foot odor and is able to hire a lawyer, Ms. Morengo, to get Stanley out of Military camp Greenish Lake.
Mrs. Yelnats: Mrs. Yelnats is Stanley'south mother. She does not believe in curses but always points out the terrible luck that the Yelnats accept.
Barf Handbag (Louis): A "camper" who left Camp Green Lake before Stanley arrived. He deliberately got a rattlesnake to bite him in club to be hospitalized.

Setting [edit]

Military camp Green Lake is located on a dried-up lake in the U.South. state of Texas.^[4] The name is a false clarification, as the area is a parched, barren desert. The only weather condition is the scorching lord's day. No rain has fallen since the day Sam was murdered. The merely plants mentioned are 2 oak trees in front of the Warden's cabin; the volume notes that "the Warden owns the shade." The abandoned boondocks of Green Lake is located by the side of the lakebed. Military camp Green Lake is a correctional kicking camp, where "campers" spend most of their time excavation holes. The majority of the book alternates between the nowadays day story of Stanley Yelnats, the story of Elya Yelnats in Latvia (mid-1800s) and the story of Katherine Barlow in the town of Green Lake (well-nigh a generation later). Later chapters focus less on the past stories.

Themes [edit]

Fairy tales [edit]

The themes typical of a folk or fairy tale are present throughout the novel, notable in both Stanley and Elya's narratives.^[five] ^[6] Elya must become on an chance to win his beloved's approval and bear witness his own worth and he is somewhen placed nether a witch'due south expletive. Stanley's bad luck is blamed on the curse left on his cracking-slap-up-grandfather and the Yelnats family easily believes in the power of this curse.^[5] Both Stanley and Elya are similar to fairy tale characters and are morally good, heroic protagonists who must overcome the challenges predestined for them.^[6] Both story lines are accompanied by a magic that is seen in the mountain stream, Madame Zeroni'southward song, and the healing power of the onions. Each of these elements in Holes mirror elements frequently plant in fairy tales.^[5]

Names [edit]

Throughout the novel, names act as a theme that allows the characters to disassociate their lives at Army camp Green Lake from their lives back in the real world. Names as well demonstrate irony—Camp Dark-green Lake is not actually a campsite, information technology'south located in a desert, and there is no lake. The "campers" all label themselves differently and identify with names such as Armpit and X-Ray and the guards are referred to as counselors. One of the counselors is referred to by the boys as "Mom", representing the absent parents at Camp Light-green Lake.^[7] Merely the adult female in accuse is referred to in a prison house-like way and is chosen "Warden". The different names allow the boys to bond and form a team based in their hatred for their work and the counselors.^[viii] Many of the characters besides have names that connect them to their family history, similar the passing down of "Stanley Yelnats" and Zero's last proper noun of Zeroni, and remind them how the actions of their ancestors affect their modern-twenty-four hour period lives.^[6] Stanley is the 4th "Stanley Yelnats" in his family, a proper name that is passed down due to its palindromic nature and adds to the connectedness to family history.^[6]

Labor [edit]

Labor is seen throughout the novel as the children are forced to dig holes while at Campsite Greenish Lake. This theme is unusual in children's literature as many authors portray children equally carefree and without responsibility.^[ix] If they practice engage in work, it is synonymous with play. Critic Maria Nikolajeva contends that Holes is set apart through the not just manual, but forced labor Stanley and the other campers do daily.^[9] This is showtime referenced at the outset of the volume when the purpose of the military camp is stated: "If y'all take a bad boy and make him dig a hole every twenty-four hours in the hot sun, it volition plow him into a skillful boy".^[10]

Reception [edit]

Holes has received many accolades:

John Newbery Medal^[eleven]
1998, U.S. National Volume Award for Young People'due south Literature^[12]
1998, American Library Association, Best Books for Immature Adults^[thirteen]
1999 Newbery Medal for the year'due south "well-nigh distinguished contribution to American literature for children"^[14]
1999, Boston Earth-Horn Book Honour for Fiction^[15]
2000, Zilveren Zoen^[xv]
2000, Flicker Tale Children's Book Honour^[fifteen]
2000, Pennsylvania Young Readers' Choice Award for Grades 6-8^[15]
2000, Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children'southward Volume Honor^[fifteen]
2001, William Allen White Children's Book Accolade^[16]
2001, W Australian Young Readers' Book Award (WAYRBA) for Older Readers^[15]
2001, Yard Canyon Reader Award for Teen Book^[fifteen]
2001, Nene Award^[15]
2001, Maryland Black-Eyed Susan Book Award for Grade vi-9^[15]
2001, Massachusetts Children'southward Book Award^[15]
2001, Evergreen Teen Book Award^[15]
2003, Soaring Hawkeye Book Award^[xv]
2002, Sunshine State Young Readers Laurels for Grades 3-5 and Grades six-viii^[xv]
2001, Pacific Northwest Library Association Immature Reader'due south Pick Award for Junior^[xv]
2001, Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis Nominee for Jugendbuch^[15]
2001, New United mexican states Land of Enchantment Award for Young Adult^[15]
2001, Oklahoma Sequoyah Award for Children and YA^[15]
2002, Rebecca Caudill Young Readers' Volume Honor^[15]
2000, Premi Protagonista Jove for Categoria 14-15 anys^[15]

Over two decades after its original publication, Holes continues to be well received by critics and was ranked number 6 among all-time children's novels past School Library Journal in 2012.^[17]

Betsy Hearne of The New York Times applauded the novel'southward integration of mystery and sense of humor that manages to go along Holes light and fresh, and she characterizes information technology as a "family read-aloud."^[18] Roger Sutton of The Horn Book Magazine called Sachar's declarative way effective, and argues that it helped make the novel more poignant. Sutton appreciated the positive ending and the suspense that leads the reader to it.^[nineteen]

Motion picture adaptation [edit]

In 2003, Walt Disney Pictures released a picture show version of Holes, which was directed by Andrew Davis and written past Louis Sachar.^[20]

Sequels [edit]

Two companion novels accept followed Holes: Stanley Yelnats' Survival Guide to Camp Green Lake (2003) and Small Steps (2006).^[21]

Stanley Yelnats's Survival Guide to Camp Green Lake [edit]

As Louis Sachar states: "Should you ever find yourself at Army camp Green Lake—or somewhere similar—this is the guide for you." Written from Stanley'due south point of view, the book offers communication on everything from scorpions, rattlesnakes, yellow-spotted lizards, etc.^[22]

Small Steps [edit]

In this sequel to Holes, one-time camper Armpit is now 17 and struggling with the challenges facing an African American teenager with a criminal history. A new friendship with Ginny, who has cerebral palsy, a reunion with former friend X-Ray, a ticket-scalping scheme, a cute popular singer, and a frame-up all test Armpit'due south resolve to "Just take small steps and keep moving forward".^[23]

References [edit]

^ Sachar, Louis (2000). Holes . New York: Yearling Books. p. 7. ISBN978-0440414803.
^ "Holes Q & A". www.Louissachar.com . Retrieved Jan 17, 2017.
^ Sachar, Louis (1998). "Holes", p. 103. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, November 30, 2015.
^ Sachar, Louis (2000). Holes . New York: Yearling. p. 1. ISBN978-0440414803.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mascia, Elizabeth G. (2001). "Holes: Folklore Redux". The ALAN Review. 28 (2): 51. doi:x.21061/alan.v28i2.a.11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pinsent, Pat (September one, 2002). "Fate and Fortune in a Mod Fairy Tale: Louis Sachar'south Holes". Children's Literature in Didactics. 33 (3): 203–212. doi:10.1023/A:1019682032315. ISSN 0045-6713. S2CID 170678333.
^ Møllegaard, Kirsten (August xiii, 2010). "Haunting and History in Louis Sachar'due south Holes". Western American Literature. 45 (ii): 138–161. doi:10.1353/wal.0.0117. ISSN 1948-7142. S2CID 162538705.
^ Wallin, Marie (January 2008). "Literacy and the Power of the Police force: Louis Sachar'south Holes and Lemony Snicket'south A Bad Beginning". Angles on the English language Speaking World. 8: 101–110 – via EBSCOhost.
^ ^a ^b Nikolajeva, Maria (2002). ""A Dream of Complete Idleness": Depiction of Labor in Children'south Fiction". The Lion and the Unicorn. 26 (three): 305–321. doi:10.1353/uni.2002.0031. S2CID 144227470.
^ Sachar, Louis (1998). Holes. New York: Dell Yearling. p. v.
^ Sachar, Louis (June i, 2011). Holes. Random House Children's Books. ISBN978-0-307-79836-7.
^ "1998 National Volume Awards Winners and Finalists, The National Book Foundation". world wide web.nationalbook.org . Retrieved Apr 27, 2018.
^ American Library Association (September 29, 2006). "Best Books for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) . Retrieved March 8, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "Writer Louis Sachar wins 1999 Newbery Medal;Illustrator Mary Azarian wins Caldecott Medal". News and Press Heart. February 26, 2007. Retrieved Apr 27, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^yard ^l ^grand ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s "Holes (Holes, #ane)". Goodreads . Retrieved March 8, 2021. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "Past Winners - William Allen White Children's Book Awards | Emporia State University". www.emporia.edu . Retrieved May 2, 2018.
^ "School Library Journal Top 100 Children's Novels, 2012 Poll | Book awards | LibraryThing". www.librarything.com . Retrieved May 2, 2018.
^ Hearne, Betsy (1998). "He Didn't Do It". The New York Times.
^ Sutton, Roger (September i, 1998). "Review of Holes". The Horn Volume.
^ Holes at the Net Movie Database
^ Small Steps: Summary and book reviews of Small Steps by Louis Sachar
^ Sachar, Louis. "Stanley Yelnats'southward Survival Guide to Camp Green Lake". Louis Sachar. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015.
^ Sachar, Louis. "Louis Sachar: Booklist". Louis Sachar. Louis Sachar. Archived from the original on October 5, 2015.

External links [edit]

Holes at publisher Scholastic Corporation

Awards
Preceded by Out of the Dust	Newbery Medal recipient 1999	Succeeded by Bud, Not Buddy
Preceded by New category	Winner of the William Allen White Children's Volume Accolade Grades 6–8 2001	Succeeded by Bud, Non Buddy

Reading Comprehension, Using the Novel Holes, Louis Sachar

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holes_(novel)